Excerpt appears in the Chapter 6 on “Climate Change and Energy Transitions: dealing with trade-offs“, box on page 198-199 that you can find also via the general report of Economic Survey 2024-2024: https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/
“A study titled ‘Synchronizing energy transitions toward possible Net Zero for India: affordable and clean energy for all’ was conducted by the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad with the support of the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India and the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.
The report contains the projection of the energy mix in the backdrop of India’s Net Zero 2070 announcements and cleaner, affordable energy for all. The projected future energy basket for 2030, 2050, and 2070 across various growth and climate commitment scenarios have been presented in the report.
Main Conclusions of the Report
1. A sustainable energy transition needs the co-existence of several energy sources.
2. Coal is projected to continue until the next two decades as the backbone of the Indian energy system. Although technologies such as Carbon Dioxide Removal technologies (CDRs), such as Bioenergy with CO2 Capture & Storage (BECCS), and CCUS need to be explored to reduce the emissions from the use of coal. However, the energy penalty65 for deploying BECCS/CCUS at power plants would need a closer examination.
3. Renewable Energy (RE) and nuclear power are expected to be the predominant sources of energy by 2070.
4. Coal phase-down will be heavily dependent on the import of critical minerals required for renewable energy and battery storage unless the country invests in the development of technologies based on domestically available mineral resources and those that enable the reuse, recovery, and recycling of critical minerals.”
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